вЂњWe found that modern strains most closely related to the ancient strain are today found in plague reservoirs around the Tian Shan mountains, so very close to where the ancient strain was found. Hence, the ancient Central Asian strain that caused the 1338-1339 epidemic around Lake Issyk Kul must have come from one such reservoir. In other words, we found the Black DeathвЂ™s source strain and we even know its exact date ,вЂќ says Maria Spyrou, lead author and researcher at the University of TГјbingen.Д«ut where did this strain come from? Did it evolve locally or did it spread in this region from elsewhere? Plague is not a disease of humans the bacterium survives within wild rodent populations across the world, in so-called plague reservoirs. вЂњWe found that the ancient strains from Kyrgyzstan are positioned exactly at the node of this massive diversification event. The team now pieced together complete ancient plague genomes from the sites in Kyrgyzstan and investigated how they might relate with this Big Bang event. But the exact date of this event could not be precisely estimated, and was thought to have happened sometime between the 10 th and 14 th centuries. Researchers found the Black DeathвЂ™s source strainД«ut could this have been the origin of the Black Death? Researchers have previously associated the Black DeathвЂ™s initiation with a massive diversification of plague strains, a so-called Big Bang event of plague diversity. вЂњWe could finally show that the epidemic mentioned on the tombstones was indeed caused by plague,вЂќ says Phil Slavin, one of the senior authors of the study and historian at the University of Sterling, UK. The teamвЂ™s first results were very encouraging, as DNA from the plague bacterium, Yersinia pestis, was identified in individuals with the year 1338 inscribed on their tombstones. In this study, an international team of researchers analysed ancient DNA from human remains as well as historical and archaeological data from two sites that were found to contain вЂњpestilenceвЂќ inscriptions. Specifically, excavations that took place almost 140 years ago revealed tombstones indicating that individuals died in those years of an unknown epidemic or вЂњpestilence.вЂќ Since their first discovery, the tombstones inscribed in Syriac language, have been a cornerstone of controversy among scholars regarding their relevance to the Black Death of Europe. These findings show that an epidemic devastated a local trading community in the years 13. To the contrary, the only so-far available archaeological findings come from Central Asia, close to Lake Issyk Kul, in what is now Kyrgyzstan.

One of the most popular theories has supported its source in East Asia, specifically in China. The origins of the Second Plague Pandemic have long been debated.

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